【DSE CHEM】Chemical Reaction Equation List 化學反應列表

AfterSchool 今次搵咗 The Chemist 幫讀 DSE CHEM 嘅同學仔整合咗 Chemical Reaction Equation List!「DSE 化學反應列表」，入面包括 acid, base, metal, redox reaction 等你需要嘅 DSE chemical equations！ Metals 金屬 Metal Extraction 金屬提煉 Direct Heating Metal Ores → Metal + Oxygen Carbon Reduction Metal Ores + Carbon → Metal + Carbon Dioxide Reaction of Metals 金屬的反應 Reaction with Oxygen Metals + Oxygen → Metal Oxide Reaction with Water Metals + Water → Metal Hydroxide + Hydrogen Gas Reaction with Steam Metals + Steam → Metal Oxide + Hydrogen Gas Reaction with Acid Metals + Acid → Salt + Hydrogen Gas Corrosion & Rusting 生銹 4Fe(s) + 3O₂(g) + 2nH₂O(l) → 2Fe₂O₃ . nH₂O(s) Acids & Bases 酸和鹼 Reactions with Acid 酸的反應 Acid + Metal Dilute Acid + Metal → Salt + Hydrogen Gas Acid + Base (Neutralization) Acid + Base → Salt + Water Acid + Carbonate Acid + Carbonate → Salt + Water + Carbon Dioxide Acid + Hydrogencarbonate Acid + Hydrogencarbonate → Salt + Water + Carbon Dioxide Acid + Sulphite Acid + Sulphite → Salt + Water + Sulphur Dioxide Acid + Hydrogensulphite Acid + Hydrogensulphite → Salt + Water + Sulphur Dioxide Reactions with Alkalis 鹼的反應 Alkali + Ammonium Salt (under heat) Alkali + Ammonium Salt → Salt + Water + Ammonia Gas Alkali + Acid (Neutralization) Alkali + Acid → Salt + Water Alkali + Metal Cation Alkali + Metal Cation → Metal Hydroxide or Metal Oxide Alkali + Non-Metal Oxides Alkali + Non-Metal Oxides → Carbonate or Sulphite Salt + Water Fossil Fuels & Carbon Compounds 化石燃料和碳化合物 Reaction of Alkanes 烷烴的反應 Complete Combustion Fuel + Oxygen → Carbon Dioxide + Water Substitution with Halogens Condition: under UV light Alkane + Chlorine or Bromine → Haloalkane Cracking Condition: in the absence of oxygen Large Alkane → Small Alkane + Small Alkene Reaction of Alkenes 烯烴的反應 Addition Reaction - Reaction with Halogens Alkene + Chlorine or Bromine → Haloalkane Addition Reaction - Reaction with Cold Alkaline Dilute KMnO₄(aq) Alkene → Alcohol (diol) Addition Polymerization n Alkene → Addition Polymer Redox Reactions 氧化還原 Common Oxidizing Agents in DSE 常見的氧化劑 Dilute Nitric Acid with Metals Dilute Nitric Acid + Metals → Metal Nitrate + Nitrogen Monoxide + Water 3Ag(s) + NO₃-(aq) + 4H⁺(aq) → 3Ag⁺(aq) + NO(g) + 2H₂O(l) Concentrated Nitric Acid with Metals Concentrated Nitric Acid + Metals → Metal Nitrate + Nitrogen Dioxide + Water Ag(s) + NO₃-(aq) + 2H⁺(aq) →Ag⁺(aq) + NO₂(g) + H₂O(l) Concentrated Nitric Acid with Non-Metals Carbon + Concentrated Nitric Acid → Carbon Dioxide + Nitrogen Dioxide + Water C(s) + 4HNO₃ (aq) → CO₂(g) + 4NO₂(g) + 2H₂O(l) Sulphur + Concentrated Nitric Acid → Sulphur Dioxide + Nitrogen Dioxide + Water S(s) + 4HNO₃ (aq) → SO₂(g) + 4NO₂(g) + 2H₂O(l) Concentrated Sulphuric Acid with Metals Concentrated Sulphuric Acid + Metals → Metal Sulphate + Sulphur Dioxide + Water H₂SO₄(l) + Cu(s) + 2H⁺(aq) → Cu²⁺ (aq) + SO₂(g) + 2H₂O(l) Concentrated Sulphuric Acid with Non-Metals Concentrated Sulphuric Acid + Carbon → Carbon Dioxide + Sulphur Dioxide + Water 2H₂SO₄(l) + C(s) → CO₂(g) + 2SO₂(g) + 2H₂O(l) Concentrated Sulphuric Acid + Sulphur → Sulphur Dioxide + Water 2H₂SO₄(l) + S(s) → 3SO₂(g) + 2H₂O(l) Chemistry of Carbon Compounds 碳化合物的化學 Reaction of Alkanes Substitution Reaction Alkane + Chlorine or Bromine → Haloalkane Reaction of Alkene, C=C Hydrogenation Reaction Condition: Pt or Ni or Pd with Heat Alkene + Hydrogen → Alkane Addition with Halogen in Organic Solvent Alkene + Chlorine or Bromine → Haloalkane Addition with Hydrogen Halide, HX Alkene + Hydrogen Halide → Haloalkane Oxidation Reaction Condition: cold alkaline potassium permanganate Alkene → Alkanol (diol) Reaction of Haloalkanes, R-X Substitution Haloalkane + OH-(aq) → Alcohol Reaction of Alcohols, R-OH Substitution with HX or PX₃ Alcohol + HX or PX₃ → Haloalkane Dehydration Reaction Condition: concentrated H₂SO₄ or Al₂O₃, heat Alcohol → Alkene Oxidation with Acidified K₂Cr₂O₇ (Distillation) Primary Alcohol → Aldehyde Oxidation with Acidified K₂Cr₂O₇ or KMnO₄ (Reflux) Primary Alcohol → Carboxylic Acid Secondary Alcohol → Ketone Reaction of Ketones & Aldehydes Oxidation of Aldehydes Reaction Condition: Acidified K₂Cr₂O₇ or KMnO₄, Heat under Reflux Aldehyde → Carboxylic Acid Reduction of Aldehyde or Ketone Reaction Condition: 1) LiAlH₄ in dry ether 2) H⁺(aq) or NaBH₄(aq) Aldehyde or Ketone → Alcohol Reaction of Carboxylic Acid, R-COOH Esterification Reaction Condition: concentrated sulphuric acid, heat Carboxylic Acid + Alcohol ⇌ Ester + Water Reduction Reaction Condition: 1) LiAlH₄ in dry ether 2) H⁺(aq) Carboxylic Acid → Primary Alcohol Amide Formation Reaction Condition: Ammonia, Heat Carboxylic Acid + Ammonia → Amide Reaction of Esters, R-COO-R' Acid Hydrolysis Reaction Condition: H⁺(aq), Heat Ester ⇌ Carboxylic Acid + Alcohol R-COO-R' ⇌ R-COOH + R'-OH Alkaline Hydrolysis Reaction Condition: OH-(aq), Heat Ester → Carboxylate ion + Alcohol R-COO-R' → R-COO- + R'-OH Reaction of Amides, R-CONH₂ Acid Hydrolysis Reaction Condition: H⁺(aq), Heat Amide → Carboxylic Acid + Ammonium Salt R-CONH₂ → R-COOH + NH₄⁺ Alkaline Hydrolysis Reaction Condition: OH-(aq), Heat Amide → Carboxylate Ion + Ammonia R-CONH₂ → R-COO- + NH₃

【DSE CHEM】Chemical Reaction Equation List 化學反應列表

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