Past perfect tense(過去完成式)最核心概念講「過去的過去」。當你有兩件都發生喺過去嘅事,而你想清楚表示邊件先發生,就用 past perfect: had + past participle 接下來等AfterSchool用最常考嘅規則、連接詞(before/after/by the time)同練習,幫你一次過搞掂Past perfect tense! 1) Past Perfect 係咩? 你可以當佢係「時間排序工具」! 1.1 表示較早發生的過去事件(過去的過去) When I arrived, the class had started. (我到達之前,堂已經開始咗) She was nervous because she had forgotten her notes. (她之前忘記帶筆記,所以緊張) 1.2 配合時間連接詞,清楚交代先後 最常見:by the time / before / after / when。 By the time we got to the station, the train had left. I had finished my homework before dinner. 2) Past Perfect 公式及基本句型 過去完成式一律用 had(無論人稱)! 2.1 肯定句 Subject+had+past participle (p.p.) Subject+had+past participle (p.p.) I had eaten. They had gone home. He had done his work. 2.2 否定句 Subject+had not+p.p. Subject+had not+p.p. She hadn’t seen the email. We hadn’t met before. 2.3 疑問句(Yes/No) Had+subject+p.p.? Had+subject+p.p.? Had you finished when I called? Had they left already? 2.4 Wh- 問句 Wh-+had+subject+p.p.? Wh-+had+subject+p.p.? Why had he left so early? What had she said? 3) Past Perfect 必考連接詞:before / after / by the time / when 3.1 by the time + past simple(主句多用 past perfect) 結構通常係: By the time +(較遲事件:past simple),(較早事件:past perfect) By the time I got home, my parents had cooked dinner. (我到家(遲),父母已煮好(早)) 3.2 before:通常「早」嗰件用 past perfect I had locked the door before I left.(離開前已鎖門) 3.3 after:可以用 past simple,但用 past perfect 更清楚 After she had finished the report, she sent it to her boss. (口語/簡化都常見) After she finished the report, she sent it. 考試寫作想清晰:用 past perfect 更穩陣! 3.4 when:常見句型(早:past perfect;遲:past simple) When the teacher came in, the students had already sat down.(老師入嚟(遲),學生早已坐低(早)) 4) Past Perfect vs Past Simple(點分?) 4.1 只講一件過去事 → Past simple 已夠 I lost my keys yesterday. 4.2 兩件過去事,想清楚表示「邊件先」→ Past perfect I realised I had lost my keys.(先:丟咗鎖匙;後:先至發現) 4.3 有明顯時間先後字眼(e.g. before/by the time)→ 常用 past perfect By the time we arrived, the movie had started. 5) Past Perfect 常見錯誤 5.1 誤用「had + 過去式」當 p.p. ❌ had went ✅ had gone ❌ had did ✅ had done 5.2 兩邊都用 past perfect(通常冇必要) ❌ By the time I had arrived, the train had left. ✅ By the time I arrived, the train had left. 一般規則:較遲嗰件用 past simple,較早嗰件用 past perfect。 5.3 already / just / ever 放位唔自然 常見自然位置: had already + p.p. had just + p.p. She had already finished. They had just arrived. 6) Past Perfect 練習題(Exercises)— 附答案 A) Fill in the blanks(用 past perfect:had + p.p.) When I arrived, the meeting ______ (start). She was tired because she ______ (not sleep) well. By the time we got to the cinema, the movie ______ (begin). I realised I ______ (leave) my wallet at home. B) Choose the correct form(past perfect / past simple) After he ______ (finish / had finished) dinner, he went out. By the time the teacher came in, the students ______ (were / had been) quiet. I ______ (didn’t go / hadn’t gone) to that restaurant before last week. C) Rewrite(用 past perfect 改寫,令先後更清楚) I ate breakfast. Then I left home. The train left. We arrived at the station. ✅ Answers(答案) Part A had started hadn’t slept had begun had left Part B had finished had been hadn’t gone Part C(示範答案,多個版本都可) I had eaten breakfast before I left home. The train had left by the time we arrived at the station. 7) 何時要用 Past Perfect? 兩件都喺過去發生,但要講清楚先後 → 用 past perfect 常見提示:by the time, before, after, when, already, just 基本句型:had+p.p.had+p.p. 8) Past Perfect FAQ(常見問題) 8.1 Past perfect 一定要有兩件事先用? 最常見係兩件事,但有時一句都得:例如你想強調「到某一刻之前已經完成」。 She was happy because she had passed the test. 8.2 「before」句係咪一定要 past perfect? 唔一定;如果語境已清楚先後,用 past simple 都得。但考試寫作要清晰、避免歧義,用 past perfect 通常更穩。 8.3 Past perfect 同 present perfect 有咩分別? Present perfect:由過去到而家有關連 Past perfect:由過去到另一個過去時間點有關連(過去的過去)